THE COMPUTER 3-D RECONSTRUCTION OF INTRA-GLANDULAR LYMPH VESSELS AND OTHER DUCT SYSTEM OF HUMAN SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND / 解剖学报

The computer three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections is an important research area in the world at precent. In this paper, we combine the computer graphics, image processing and biomedical techniques to reconstruct the stereo model of intra-glandular lymphatics, veins, arteries and duets with the serial semithin sections of human submandibular gland.

THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE AUDITORY OSSICLES / 解剖学报

The arteries of auditory ossicles of 40 ears from 20 full term feotuses weredemonstrated by injection of liquid latex containing a small amount of Chinese inkthrough common carotid arteries.We found that the malleus and incus possess thenutrient arteries as well as the mucosal arteries,whereas the stapes gets its bloodsupply from the mucosal arteries only.The anterior tympanic artery is the principal source of blood supply of the mal-leus and the incus.It enters the middle ear through the petrotympanic fissure andramifies into five branches:malleolar artery,incudal artery,superior branch,posteriorbranch and chorda tympani branch.The malleolar and incudal arteries are nutrientarteries.The vascular network in mucosa over the manubrium mallei is supplied bythe branches of the deep auricular and stylomastoid arteries over the tympanic mem-brane.The mucosal arteries of the long crus of the incus is supplied by the smallvessels given off by incudal artery before entering the nutrient foramen,the finevessels from the arteries around the chorda tympani and the vessels passing to it fromstapes.The blood supply of the stapes is derived from the vessels located in two majorareas:one from the facial canal and the other from the promontory.The arteries tothe stapes from the promontory vascular plexus are the artery of the head of thestapes,the artery of the posterior crus and the artery of the anterior crus.The for-mer two vessels have not been reported previously.In the facial canal there are thestylomastoid artery and the superficial petrosal artery.The arterial supply of incudostapedial joint and the distal portion of the incuscomes from the vessels passing to them from the stapes rather than from the incudalsource.From above account,it would appear that the head of the malleus and thebody and short crus of the incus derived from first branchial cartilage are mainlysupplied by the anterior tympanic artery,and the remainder of the auditory ossiclesderived from second branchial cartilage are supplied by the stylomastoid artery.

EFFECT OF CADMIUM ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF THE HAMSTER PARATHYROID CHIEF CELLS / 解剖学报

With transmission electron microscopy,the endoplasmic reticulum of the parathyroid chief cells in normal and cadmium-treated golden hamsters was observed. After 1 month treatment of cadmium, there were dilated and whorl-shaped rough endoplasmic reticulum in the chief cells. After 3 and 6 months treatment of cadmium, there were concentric membranous body and paired endoplasmic reticulum in the chief cells. The mechanism responsible for the morphological change of the endoplasmic reticulum after cadmium treatment and the possible toxicologic effect were discussed.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOS POSITIVE NEURONS IN HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE BY LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the etiology and pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease(HD) and the role of nitric oxide in pathophysiology of HD. Methods The whole amount preparations of dilative and transitional segments were stained by NADPH\|diaphorase histochemistry mothod,and colonic walls were digested by dispase. Then the NOS positive nervous structure were observed by light and scanning electron microscope. Results In dilative segment, under light microscope, ganglion and neuron were bigger and more darkly stained. Intraganglionic neurons distributed mostly in peripheral area of ganglion and basal part of ganglionic fiber bundles. Under scanning electron microscope, the neurons were denser, more nerve fibers from them and connected with each other in all dimensions. And more transverse connected fibers between neurons which were arranged along muscle fibers. Myenteric plexus even connected with the submucosal plexus by nerve fibers which passed through circular muscle layer. In transitional segment, under light microscope, intraganglionic neurons cytoplasm were lightly stained and also variedly. The ganglion and neurons of the segment were smaller, and the fibers from them were thinner and paler than those of the dilative segment. Under scanning electron microscope, neurons' density was lower, the fiber connection between neurons and muscle fibers/neurons was lesser. In the transitional segment, neurons and nerve fibers were distributed linearly along the longitudinal muscle fibers. Conclusion Our results indicated that an intimate relationship existed between the development of Hirschsprung disease and abnormal distribution and metabolism of NOS positive neuron in colonic wall. [

VARIATIONS AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE AUDITORY OSSICLE / 解剖学报

The morphological variations and congenital malformations of the auditoryossicles are not so rare as previously considered.The congenital anomalies of themhave sometimes been documented in the periodicals of the otorhinolaryngology,buttheir variations reported are scanty and incomplete.With dissecting microscope,weobserved 588 ossicles(200 mallei,224 incudis 164 stapes)from 120 full term foe-tuses without congenital defect except one case of anencephaly.We found that theauditory ossicles vary greatly in their form,length,size,angulation,curvature orthickness,etc.Those are variations of anterior fovea of caput mallei,anteriorcurvature of manubrium mallei,form of lateral margin of manubrium mallei,formof crus breve of incus,form of crus stapedis and patterns of basis stapedis.In 240 ears,five cases of congenital malformations of ossicular chain(2.1%)were discovered and listed as follows:1.One case of congenital stapes footplate fixation,2.One case of ring form stapes detached from the basis stapedis,3.Two cases of columella stapes,4.One case of triple fusion of ossicles by osteoid tissue.Embryology of auditory ossicles available for understanding the variability anddeformity was briefly reviewed.According to our investigations we come to the conclusion that the stapesis probably the most frequently involved in the morphological variation andmalformation.